IELS

Discover Malta

Close your eyes and imagine a place with glorious sunshine, crystal clear waters and beautiful landscapes. A place in which you can take a leisurely walk, explore mediaeval cities or simply party the night away. Now open your eyes and look around -you’re there! All this on the tiny Jewel of the Mediterranean -Malta. Whether you wish to experience a rich history of over 7000 years, or simply party the night away in some of Europe’s best night spots, Malta has everything you can imagine.


Geography and Culture

Malta is a small independent nation state in the centre of the Mediterranean sea, just below Sicily in Southern Europe. The Maltese Archipelago consists of 3 main islands, Malta, Gozo and Comino.

 

Malta has no mountains or rivers, but a series of low hills and terraced fields that grow an abundance of vegetables.

 

For its size, Malta is a real treasure trove of culture and heritage. Its awe inspiring fortifications as well as its majestic palaces and churches, all contribute to make Malta a nation of rich and pleasant surprises. The coastline is surrounded with harbours, creeks, sandy beaches and rocky coves.

 

The country’s official languages are Maltese, which is a Semitic language, and English. The traditions of Malta are a reflection of various cultures that have come into contact with the Maltese islands throughout the centuries, including neighbouring Mediterranean Countries and other civilisations that ruled Malta for long periods prior to its independence in 1964.

Climate

Malta has a typically Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild winters. In summer temperatures can reach up to 84 degrees fahrenheit (30 degrees celcius) but the heat tends to be tempered by sea breezes. In spring and autumn, a hot wind known as Ix-Xlokk brings high temperatures and humidity. The little rainfall that Malta has usually occurs during autumn and winter. However, Malta never gets any frost or snow.

Sliema

Considered to be one of the main commercial hubs on the island, Sliema is a kaleidoscope of lovely shops, attractive restaurants and cafes and a location which is second to none.

 

Built along the island’s coast, it houses several of Malta’s most recently built hotels. Sliema comes from the word ‘sliem’ which means peace. It was once a fishing town. However, during the early 20th century, this town began to grow rapidly and soon became a summer resort for wealthy Valletta residents.

Local attractions

The following are some of the most interesting and historical places that students can visit either on their own or on the various excursions organized by the school.

Valletta, Malta’s Capital City

The Fortress City, Citta’ Umilissima, “a city built by gentlemen for gentlemen”. Valletta, the capital city of Malta was built by Grand Master Jean de la Vallette after the Great Siege of 1565. It is the “modern” city built by the Knights of St John; a masterpiece of the baroque; a European Art City; and a World Heritage City. Valletta is also a living, working city; the administrative and commercial heart of the Islands. The grids of the narrow streets house some of Europe’s finest art works, churches and palaces.

It dominates the island’s Grand Harbour, one of the finest natural ports in Europe and within the boundaries one can appreciate some of Malta’s rich heritage of archaeology, history, architecture, art and culture. One can also visit St John’s Cathedral, the Grand Master’s Palace and Fort St Elmo.

The Malta Experience

Housed in what used to be the Sacra Infermeria, the Malta Experience is an ideal introduction to the Maltese Islands. Sit back and enjoy a 45 minute multi vision show, which depicts Malta’s history through the ages.

Mdina, Malta’s Old Capital City

Mdina, the old capital city of Malta is a typical medieval town in the centre of the island. It’s cathedral dome and bastion walls are visible from almost everywhere in the region. It was home then, as now, to Malta’s noble families; some are descendants of the Norman, Sicilian and Spanish overlords who made Mdina their home from the 12th century onwards. Impressive palaces line its narrow, shady streets. Mdina is one of Europe’s finest examples of an ancient walled city, and unusual in it’s mix of medieval and baroque architecture. Beyond the walls, lies Rabat, a large town of Roman origin. It houses fascinating grottos, monasteries and churches. St Paul is said to have stayed in a cave here in A.D.60. Both Mdina and Rabat are characterized by their timeless atmosphere and cultural and religious treasures.

St Paul’s Catacombs

The Maltese Islands are rich in Late Roman and Byzantine burial sites. St Paul’s Catacombs are a typical complex of interconnected, underground Roman cemeteries that were in use up to the 4th century AD. They are located on the outskirts of the old Roman capital of Mdina. St Paul’s Catacombs represent the earliest archaeological evidence of Christianity in Malta. They have been called after St Paul because of their vicinity to St Paul’s church and grotto.

Hagar Qim Temples

The Neolithic Temples of Hagar Qim, were originally built around 2700 BC, although they underwent several modifications during the same period. These Megalithic temples are adorned with sacrificial altars and oracular chambers.

Blue Grotto Caves

Just past Wied iz- Zurrieq, one can take a ride in a typical Maltese fishing boat and enjoy the picturesque Blue Grotto, the underwater flora and neighbouring sea caves.

The Three Cities

The three cities namely Senglea, Vittoriosa and Cospicua offer an intriguing insight into Malta and its history. The three cities can rightly claim to be the cradle of Maltese history. Vittoriosa and Senglea on rocky promontories jutting into Grand Harbour, and Cospicua at the end of the creek between, have provided a home and fortress to almost every people who settled here.

Gozo

The sister Island of Gozo, is just a half hour ferry ride from the northernmost tip of Malta, and is the perfect place if you want to get away from it all. The charm of Gozo is apparent the moment you arrive there. Greener, more rural and smaller than Malta, life in Gozo moves at a leisurely pace. Gozo comes complete with historical sites, forts and amazing panoramas, plus one of the archipelago’s best-preserved prehistoric temples Ggantija.

Beaches

The islands of Malta and Gozo have a number of beaches which are perfect for sunbathing, snorkelling and swimming. The most popular tend to be sandy beaches, but there are also rocky beaches which may sometimes be even better. Beaches in Malta can become pretty busy in summer, especially at the weekends. If you are looking for a more private beach, you may need to do a little exploring.

 

Ghadira Bay

Located in Mellieha, Ghadira Bay is the biggest stretch of sand on the Maltese islands. Although Malta and Gozo do not have the large beaches other countries have, they are very picturesque and the water is as beautiful and as clear as any found in the Carribean. ‘Ghadira’, which means lake in Maltese, has fine golden sand. It’s a great beach for games, such as water polo, as the sea is quite shallow and one has to walk quite a bit away from the beach before reaching any depth. This is the most popular beach in Malta, so expect to find large crowds in the height of summer. The beach is usually dotted with colourful umbrellas. Lidos are located along the beach and you may rent umbrellas and beach chairs at reasonable prices. On presentation of your student card you will receive discounts at the ‘Costa Del Sol Lido’.

 

Armier Bay

Armier Bay is situated in the locality of Mellieha. It consists of two beaches, the largest known as Armier and the other as Little Armier. The sea water in this bay is crystal blue, just like the sea at the Blue Lagoon in Comino, which is situated just opposite. Armier Bay is the perfect place for a Beach BBQ. Watch the sunset over the island of Gozo whilst you take a refreshing evening dip in the sea or party on the beach to top tunes, whilst taking advantage of the free bar. Ask at the Leisure Desk for more information.

 

Gnejna Beach

Gnejna is a very pretty bay in the Western part of Malta near the town of Mgarr. The shallow waters and sandy beach make it perfect for sunbathing. Probably the biggest benefit of Gnejna is that it’s usually mostly locals who bathe there. If you are looking for a quiet beach this is probably one of the best locations.

 

Paradise Bay

Paradise Bay is well secluded and is set in a natural cove. It is located in the northern part of Malta close to Cirkewwa. This beach is excellent for snorkelling and is popular with a younger crowd as there are often parties at the weekends. Despite being relatively isolated, there are plenty of facilities available.

 

Ghajn Tuffieha

Ghajn Tuffieha Bay, located just East of Golden Bay, is one of three bays carved out of the cliffs. There are no paved roads that can take you down to the beach from the cliffs and it is only accessible on foot by steep steps. As a result, the beach does not get crowded. It is a pretty beach and well worth the effort!
27

Swimming

The Maltese coastal waters are generally clean and safe for swimming as there are no tides.  Some bays are exposed to north and north-easterly winds which do produce some strong undercurrents at times.


Useful Tip: Malta's beaches and seas are safe, however if you are new to the Maltese Islands, swim where the Maltese do.

Sun bathing

The Maltese Archipelago lies virtually at the centre of the Mediterranean and has a latitude more southerly than that of northern Tunisia.  You are therefore advised to take precautions to ensure you avoid over exposure to the sun.  Even in winter it is advisable to wear a suitable factor sunscreen for your skin type. This is important if you are out walking, or taking part in water sports.  A sun hat is a must. Children and especially babies need extra protection from the sun.  If you are sunbathing, it is advisable to avoid the strongest sunlight between the hours of 11am and 3pm in peak summer months.

 

Do not wear only bathing suits in public areas away from the beach. Beachwear is for beaches only.

Sports and activities

Malta offers almost any sport under the sun. For the spirit of adventure, there’s rock climbing, caving and paragliding. For some family fun, try go-karting! Apart from regular outdoor activities like golf, tennis and horse riding, we’ve plenty of indoor options. Pamper yourself in a deluxe health spa, get fit in the gym or challenge friends to an evening of bowling.

The climate, terrain and scenery are made for walking, cycling and touring by car. Enjoy a leisurely ramble or join a jeep safari for a wilder, off-road view. In Malta, a walk is never just a walk. It’s a discovery of restless sea, unusual landscapes and timeless Mediterranean life!

The Islands are a paradise for divers. The sea is warm all year and offers excellent visibility. Seek out unusual underwater inhabitants in the sunken wrecks of Malta’s maritime past. The Islands are superb for sailing. Come in autumn and see the exciting Middle Sea Race where sail pits its wits against wind. Schools offer lessons for the active while harbour cruises are ideal for those who prefer to relax on board.

Nightlife

At night, you can walk along the lively Sliema promenade and enjoy the sea breezes in the cool summer evenings. The neighbouring village of St Julian’s, known locally as Paceville is Malta’s main nightlife zone. Paceville comes alive at night with its multitude of pubs, discos and a number of night clubs with different themes, such as salsa, rock, disco music and even live bands.

In St Julian’s you can also find a modern bowling centre and a large cinema complex, showing films in the English language.

Food

The Islands’ cuisine is influenced by the people who made their home here over the centuries, from the Arabs, Italians and Spanish to the French and British. Traditional Maltese cooking has distinct touches of the Sicilian and Moorish. Look out for rich sweets, pastries and deserts of ricotta, almonds and figs as well as tomato and wine sauces with pasta, rabbit and fish.

There are many restaurants and cafes in Sliema that serve traditional Maltese food such as Bragioli (Beef Olives), Fenek (Rabbit) and Timpana (Baked Macaroni). One can also find French, Italian, Mexican, Indian, American, Chinese and Mediterranaen as well as steak or seafood restaurants and a number of international fast food chains. Prices are very reasonable.

History

The Maltese islands are the 'open air museum of the Mediterranean', offering 7,000 years or more of history to explore with numerous cultural, historical and megalithic sites unique in the world. The islands boast prehistoric ruins older than Stonehenge and the Pyramids of Egypt, and are steeped in the legacy of the medieval order of the Knights of St John, who used the island as their stronghold for defending Christendom.

 

Pre-History

5200 B.C.
3200 B.C.
2000 B.C.
800 B.C.

Arrival of Man in Malta
Building of Megalithic temples
Invasion of Bronze Age peoples
Phoenician colonization

Ancient Civilisation

900 B.C.
480 B.C.
218 B.C.
60

The start of the iron Age
Carthaginian domination
Roman domination after the Punic Wars
St Paul shipwrecked in Malta

Arabs

395
870

Byzantine domination of Malta
Arabs Occupy Malta

Normans and the Middle Ages

1090
1194
1266
1283
1325
1397
1485

Norman’s occupation
Swabian occupation
Angevins occupation
Aragonese occupation
Establishment of a Maltese nobility
Establishment of the Universita
Death of Peter Caxaro

Knights of St. John

1530
1561
1565
1566

Order of the Knights of St John arrive in Malta
Inquisition established
The Great Siege of Malta by the Ottoman Turks
The Founding of Valletta

French

1798
1799
1800
1802

Napoleon Bonaparte takes Malta from the Knights
Britain takes Malta
The French surrender
Peace of Amiens

British

1814
1914-18
1919
1921
1939-45

Malta becomes a British Crown colony
First World War
Sette Giugno riots against British rule
Amery – Milner constitution granting self-government
Second World War; Malta is awarded the George Cross

Malta Today

1964
1974
1979
2004

Malta Independence within the British Commonwealth
Malta becomes a Republic
Last British service leaves Malta
Malta becomes a member of the European Union